`Sc!ul Partner Solutions Islam Empire Dbq Essay. [46] However, in the decisive Battle of Khanwa which was fought near Agra, the Timurid forces of Babur defeated the Rajput army of Sanga. [95], The jagirdar (local tax collector) was another kind of official approached, especially for high-stakes cases. that his empire, called the Mughal Empire, embraced religious tolerance, subsequent leaders differed in their embrace of different religions. x\[o[~7p`D << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Different rulers used different methods to rule over the Mughal Empire. "The Urdu language reforms." Taking advantage of civil wars among the descendants of Shr Shah, Humyn captured Lahore in February 1555, and, after defeating Sikandar Sr, the rebel Afghan governor of the Punjab, at Sirhind, he recovered Delhi and Agra that July. 7 0 obj 8Ng=lZ3PPOPzQ2dEE@ELFvtS endobj [34] The term gained currency during the 19th century, but remains disputed by Indologists. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This resource includes a ready-to-use interactive activity students can complete on any device. It was a mixture of Persian, Mongol and Indian culture. Pre-made digital activities. [97], A major Mughal reform introduced by Akbar was a new land revenue system called zabt. e'e-i}R4PRXq$56/^;'L?g1,TXx@#]27*/s\x%2apd0b4.hsyYh:g}@3 'm0),* d&V9p# BAmtZf&T # *82X! [26] Burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts. Political and religious climates of the Muslim Empires in 1450-1750 were tense, however religious tolerance . 3 0 obj Babur had employed Ottoman expert Ustad Ali Quli, who showed Babur the standard Ottoman formationartillery and firearm-equipped infantry protected by wagons in the centre and the mounted archers on both wings. From the time of Akbar, Mughal camps were huge in scale, accompanied by numerous personages associated with the royal court, as well as soldiers and labourers. Describe the Mughal Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): Describe the Ottoman Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): . [127], Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks imported by the Dutch from Asia,[124] Bengali silk and cotton textiles were exported in large quantities to Europe, Indonesia, and Japan,[9]:202 and Bengali muslin textiles from Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as "Dhaka textiles". <> Hyder Ali's father Fatah Muhammad the constable at Budikote, commanded a corps consisting of 50 rocketmen (Cushoon) for the Nawab of Arcot. <> endobj In Britain, Sake Dean Mahomed was appointed as shampooing surgeon to both Kings George IV and William IV.[187]. [86], Mughal administrative divisions were not static. %PDF-1.3 endobj The last Mughal Emperor was deposed by the British in 1858. Gender: Male. [97] The growth of manufacturing industries in the Indian subcontinent during the Mughal era in the 17th18th centuries has been referred to as a form of proto-industrialization, similar to 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution. [97], The main base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. [180], By the 17th century, Indians were manufacturing a diverse variety of firearms; large guns in particular, became visible in Tanjore, Dacca, Bijapur and Murshidabad. endobj After that time it continued to exist as a considerably reduced and increasingly powerless entity until the mid-19th century. A more successful invasion came at the end of the 12th century. [170][171] Muzaffar Alam argues that the Mughals used Persian purposefully as the vehicle of an overarching Indo-Persian political culture, to unite their diverse empire. stream The Muslim Governer of Hydrabad in southern India rebelled and established a separate Shi'a state; he also reintroduced religious toleration. These included the al-Hidayah (the best guidance) and the Fatawa al-Tatarkhaniyya (religious decisions of the Emire Tatarkhan). The 3 Empires had similar things that made them successful and similar things that made them unsuccessful: Two categories: A) By country. Gunpowder Empires DBQ Sample. The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay . hbbd``b`vI@ `+>@B!8cRH4;@ Je [50] Akbar succeeded to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India. The emperor lost authority, as the widely scattered imperial officers lost confidence in the central authorities, and made their own deals with local men of influence. [185][186], During the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Hindu king Jai Singh II of Amber continued the work of Mughal astronomy. [64] He expanded the empire to include almost the whole of South Asia,[62]:1 but at his death in 1707, "many parts of the empire were in open revolt". 15.Explain how Sikhism developed in relation to the Mughal Empire. 4 0 obj This DBQ has been updated with a page outlining the English Language Arts/History/Social Studies grades 9-10 as outline at http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/9-10 and http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/11-12. %PDF-1.5 C>PlG2td3NE|/gX1azf This battle was one of the most decisive and historic battles in Indian history, as it sealed the fate of Northern India for the next two centuries. TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. %PDF-1.5 The title (Mirza) descends to all the sons of the family, without exception. The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay question using the documents wraps up the DBQ. [9]:185204 The empire had an extensive road network, which was vital to the economic infrastructure, built by a public works department set up by the Mughals which designed, constructed and maintained roads linking towns and cities across the empire, making trade easier to conduct. Alternate titles: Indo-Timurid dynasty, Mogul dynasty, Mughl dynasty, Mughal Empire. Babur succeeded his father as ruler of the state of Farghana in Turkestan when he was only 12, although he was swiftly deposed by older relatives. . 9 0 obj t[.]]ICW+"thKj p#XHa/5(]8X)ay \r@9Md(D\]XJ(#VJ;]AB 9YDz'5Blaao3tuf& C*O;yNX*2g\@m(q1J|fl=N&i:v%.T.%1ZpW. [76] Karen Leonard has focused on the failure of the regime to work with Hindu bankers, whose financial support was increasingly needed; the bankers then helped the Maratha and the British. Open Document. [22][23] These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,[24] were paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[21] and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets. [51] His reign ushered in the golden age of Mughal architecture. 16 0 obj 18 0 obj [122] The increased agricultural productivity led to lower food prices. At the same time, Europeans as a share of the population rose from 10 percent to 51.5 percent by 1860. Garcia, Maria Isabel Maldonado. It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread Muslim (and particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith. The hierarchy of division was ambiguous sometimes, as a territory could fall under multiple overlapping jurisdictions. [40] In the west, the term "Mughal" was used for the emperor, and by extension, the empire as a whole.[41]. 7-@@AI:+ [ 11 0 R] Being a Muslim state, the empire employed fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and therefore the fundamental institutions of Islamic law such as those of the qadi (judge), mufti (jurisconsult), and muhtasib (censor and market supervisor) were well-established in the Mughal Empire. Land-Based Empires of 1450-1750. [61] With the support of the Islamic orthodoxy, however, a younger son of Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb (r.16581707), seized the throne. Centralised government that brought together many smaller kingdoms, Delegated government with respect for human rights, Persian language mixed with Arabic and Hindi to create Urdu, A style of architecture (e.g. Topics. Black, Jeremy. E%ipUiO,tc76dadEhel($!# C)tB2E$ju]`nEF{9HhC5inxF Bbur led an expedition against the rana and crushed the ranas forces at Khanua, near Fatehpur Sikri (March 1527), once again by means of the skillful positioning of troops. Ottoman Turkey (3, 6, 8) Safavid Iran (1, 7) Mughal India (2, 4, 5) B) By Rise and Fall. 4, pp. They had become Muslims and assimilated the culture of the Middle East, while keeping elements of their Far Eastern roots. Bburs son Humyn inherited the hope rather than the fact of empire, because the Afghans and Rajputs were merely restrained but not reconciled to Mughal supremacy by the Mughal victories at Panipat (1526), Khanua (1527), and the Ghaghara (1529). <> 154 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<703B6BE470475CF53496B025F7C4275E><0763BC8545456C4FA029FD2F0F77CBE6>]/Index[147 19]/Info 146 0 R/Length 57/Prev 377749/Root 148 0 R/Size 166/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream #LFp"9B+5vl(_\M^$/t%Y)xRz j_@I1j`o`2?~273+yNVZs$"+0j 4.bQ'Cxf`:m05?CqVxp3K&(Qkd`)X#`)$-SCH^#++m>MHNrIR7>_&.Qu2`Q7tyi?> =vE_-v}ew@m^. The Europeans regarded Bengal as the richest place for trade. Jahan's son Aurangzeb was the last great Mughal Emperor. Name Historical context: In the early 1500s, India was invaded by the central Asian nomadic army led by Babur, a Muslim descendant of Genghis Khan. [77] In a religious interpretation, some scholars argue that the Hindu powers revolted against the rule of a Muslim dynasty. Very challenging. Spend the 15-minute reading period analyzing the documents themselves, thinking for each document about its authorship/historical situation, main idea, and why it was written. [98] India was producing 24.5% of the world's manufacturing output up until 1750. Dr. Franois Bernier, French traveler and foreign employee of the Mughal emperor, who also lived for years in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and India, from his book about his experiences, 1656 - 1668 "The king [of India], as proprietor of the land, makes over a certain quantity to military men, as an equivalent for their pay. Mirza is a civil title, and Khan is a military one. In India and Africa, Europeans utilized the old strategies of military force and colonization, but unlike in the Americas, newly introduced diseases did not have such a devastating effect on native populations. Historically, Imperialism has been a tool, used by Europeans to successfully exploit indigenous populations for monetary gain. Compared to Britain, the price of grain was about one-half in South India and one-third in Bengal, in terms of silver coinage. Sake Dean Mahomed had learned much of Mughal chemistry and understood the techniques used to produce various alkali and soaps to produce shampoo. Before the 1700s, three of the major imperiums were called the Gunpowder Empires: the Ottomans of Turkey, the Safavids of Iran, and the Mughals of India. Birth Year: 1542. The instruments he used were influenced by Islamic astronomy, while the computational techniques were derived from Hindu astronomy.[185][186]. Birth City: Umarkot, Sindh. Persian language in the Indian subcontinent, History of gunpowder: India and the Mughal Empire, History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent, Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah, "Monumentality and Mobility in Mughal Capitals", "EastWest Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia", "BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Origins of Sikhism", "Precolonial Ethnic Violence:The Case of Hindu-Muslim Conflict in India", "The 'Great Firm' Theory of the Decline of the Mughal Empire", "India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries", The Rise, Organization, and Institutional Framework of Factor Markets, "The Disjointed Spaces of Precolonial Territorial Divisions", "Reflections on Religious Difference and Permissive Inclusion in Mughal Law", India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries, "The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India", "The Early Modern Great Divergence: Wages, Prices and Economic Development in Europe and Asia 15001800", "Ascertaining Living Standards in Erstwhile Mysore, Southern India, from Francis Buchanan's Journey of 180001: An Empirical Contribution to the Great Divergence", "The World of Labour in Mughal India (c. 15001750)", "Technological Dynamism in a Stagnant Sector: Safety at Sea during the Early Industrial Revolution", "Bengali New Year: how Akbar invented the modern Bengali calendar", The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, "Indian GDP before 1870: Some preliminary estimates and a comparison with Britain", "Indo-Persian Literature Conference: SOAS: North Indian Literary Culture (14501650)", "2. He died near Lahore in December 1530. Bbur and the establishment of the Mughals, Akbar the Great and the consolidation of the empire, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mughal-dynasty, HistoryWorld - History of the Moghul Empire, Mughal Empire - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mughal Empire - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Mughal emperors: Jahngr, Akbar, and Shah Jahn. It began to be used as a literary language in the Mughal court from the reign of Shah Alam II, who described it as the language of his dastans,[173] and replaced Persian as the language of the Muslim elite. 3hZMj]Dpd]9\ qQG; The Mughal qadi was responsible for dispensing justice; this included settling disputes, judging people for crimes, and dealing with inheritances and orphans. 9WN.F4I;>9g}v3v/Ew?2$^ZNuL:0ou`}\=oJ\{,){z%vg4y3[JV0yj(g;&k3{ym}t8pj]z\cPO This was larger than the entire urban population in Europe at the time, and even a century later in 1700, the urban population of England, Scotland and Wales did not exceed 13% of its total population,[142] while British India had an urban population that was under 13% of its total population in 1800 and 9% in 1881, a decline from the earlier Mughal era. [100], The Mughals were responsible for building an extensive road system, creating a uniform currency, and the unification of the country. Satisfactory Essays. endobj [83][84] The central government was headed by the Mughal emperor; immediately beneath him were four ministries. The Muhammadan Period, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Empire&oldid=1149697353, 29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India. [103] The revenue system was biased in favour of higher value cash crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar cane, tree-crops, and opium, providing state incentives to grow cash crops, in addition to rising market demand. }=Z(tP^6q.mE#f<3(yy-ys3]qrc>c0Tkrs?y'~1}_YJ,K&ny"%O#r+'dd"E$MHq('.%CFF9Y%R,. 17 0 obj In the last decades of the seventeenth century Aurangzeb invaded the Hindu kingdoms in central and southern India, conquering much territory and taking many slaves. http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/9-10, http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/11-12, follows New York State social studies testing required format. The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of the empire's international trade. This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Mughal empire was founded by a Chagatai Turk named Babur, who claimed descent from both Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane. Accompanied by literary patronage was the institutionalisation of Persian as official and courtly language; this led to Persian reaching nearly the status of a first language for many inhabitants of Mughal India. 1 0 obj The province was a leading producer of grains, salt, fruits, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments. [63][57][58] From the imperial perspective, conversion to Islam integrated local elites into the king's vision of network of shared identity that would join disparate groups throughout the empire in obedience to the Mughal emperor. Document 1. Shah Jahan extended the Mughal empire to the Deccan by ending the Nizam Shahi dynasty, and forced the Adil Shahis and Qutb Shahis to pay tribute. The British East India Company later duplicated the flushed deck and hull designs of Bengal rice ships in the 1760s, leading to significant improvements in seaworthiness and navigation for European ships during the Industrial Revolution. Mughal Empire. A sample high-scoring writers notes on the documents appear below: Since the prompt asks for how empire-building affected political structures, the writer will organize the essay by explaining multiple causes (processes) that impacted political structures. Meanwhile, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, involved themselves and the state in global conflicts, leading only to defeat and loss of territory during the Carnatic Wars and the Bengal War. [137] The calendar played a vital role in developing and organising harvests, tax collection and Bengali culture in general, including the New Year and Autumn festivals. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info . [38], Another name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari, and which has been described as the closest to an official name for the empire. Read more. % [78] Finally, other scholars argue that the very prosperity of the Empire inspired the provinces to achieve a high degree of independence, thus weakening the imperial court. [citation needed] Humayun's triumphant return from Persia in 1555 restored Mughal rule in some parts of India, but he died in an accident the next year. Fell through abuse of peasantry, extravagance of . "[118], Mughal agriculture was in some ways advanced compared to European agriculture at the time, exemplified by the common use of the seed drill among Indian peasants before its adoption in Europe. When Afghan risings turned him to the east, he had to fight, among others, the joint forces of the Afghans and the sultan of Bengal in 1529 at Ghaghara, near Varanasi. [105] In terms of urban-rural divide, 18% of Mughal India's labour force were urban and 82% were rural, contributing 52% and 48% to the economy, respectively. [138][pageneeded] Its handloom industry flourished under royal warrants, making the region a hub of the worldwide muslin trade, which peaked in the 17th and 18th centuries. Image via Freemanpedia. By 1857 a considerable part of former Mughal India was under the East India Company's control. Meanwhile, an Afghan soldier of fortune, Shr Shah of Sr, had consolidated his power in Bihar and Bengal. Answer: Bajaur in 1519. The Taj Mahal marks the apex of the Mughal Empire; it symbolises stability, power and confidence. The Common Core Standards were written and developed by The National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. %PDF-1.6 % Around the mid-seventh century, followed by the lead of Muhammad, Muslims conquered a huge area including Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa . . [132] He also assesses ship repairing as very advanced in Bengal. He defeated Babar in the Battle of Bayana. Before they were rediscovered in the 1980s, it was believed by modern metallurgists to be technically impossible to produce hollow metal globes without any seams. Geared sugar rolling mills first appeared in Mughal India, using the principle of rollers as well as worm gearing, by the 17th century. Muslim Empire Dbq. endobj This was a great activity to use to be able to give the students the chance to see primary sources from this era. can earn you one point on both the DBQ and LEQ essays. Processed products included cotton textiles, yarns, thread, silk, jute products, metalware, and foods such as sugar, oils and butter. endobj [166] For example, Emperor Jahangir commissioned brilliant artists such as Ustad Mansur to realistically portray unusual flora and fauna throughout the empire. While this may well have been for political reasons - he married a Hindu princess (and is said to have married several thousand wives for political and diplomatic purposes) - it was also a part of his philosophy. 3 0 obj endobj QUICK FACTS. Particularly, this meant that the Mughal emperor was considered the supreme authority on legal affairs. endobj A French physician describes the emperors practice of nourish[ing] jealousies among the local rajahs, many of whom commanded armies larger than those of the emperor, to distract the rajahs from ever threatening his power. In locations such as India, empire-building involved a more complex interplay of economics with the pre-existing political structures, though the Europeans were still able to eventually gain control. Another ministry was dedicated to the imperial household and public works. "The Mughals Strike Twice". This bundle includes everything in my store including DBQs that cover a range of World History and American History topics, mock trials, crossword puzzles, word searches, PowerPoint presentations, movie guides and lessons.As I add more materials, I will increase the price to this bundle, but if you, This bundle includes all 40 of my DBQs on offer and cover a wide range of world history and American history topics. Cortes, perhaps seeking to impress the king, likely exaggerates in the claim that the victory was without ourselves sustaining any injury; still, the claim indicates both the strength of the Spanish military technology and their attitude of superiority that they used to justify their takeover of the existing Mexica government. Updates? The Mughal Emperors that followed Aurangzeb effectively became British or French puppets. What additional sources would help you answer this question? Document 1 also affirms the potential of economics to provide inroads to political power: King Afonso I of Kongo in Africa appeals to the King of Portugal about the behavior of Portuguese merchants, who are undermining King Afonsos power by enrich- ing his vassals, making them no longer content and subjected under our control. King Afonsos highly submissive tone (I kiss your hand many times) may indicate not genuine submission to the King of Portugal, but rather an understanding of the threat that economic power has on his political power. [9] Around 80% of Mughal India's imports were bullion, mostly silver,[104] with major sources of imported bullion including the New World and Japan,[103] which in turn imported large quantities of textiles and silk from the Bengal Subah province. After 150 years of rule by Mughal viceroys, Bengal gained semi-independence as a dominion under the Nawab of Bengal in 1717. [103], Despite India having its own stocks of gold and silver, the Mughals produced minimal gold of their own, but mostly minted coins from imported bullion, as a result of the empire's strong export-driven economy, with global demand for Indian agricultural and industrial products drawing a steady stream of precious metals into India. The qadi also had additional importance with regards to documents, as the seal of the qadi was required to validate deeds and tax records. [25], The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion. [121], According to economic historian Immanuel Wallerstein, citing evidence from Irfan Habib, Percival Spear, and Ashok Desai, per-capita agricultural output and standards of consumption in 17th-century Mughal India were probably higher than in 17th-century Europe and certainly higher than early 20th-century British India. Jahangir also began building the magnificent monuments and gardens by which the Mughals are chiefly remembered today, importing hundreds of Persian architects to build palaces and create magnificent gardens. [92], The Mughal Empire followed the Sunni Hanafi system of jurisprudence. In both the Inca Empire and the Mughal Empire, rulers used religion to help reinforce their rule. G`dN4$Cz.7r [167] Aurangzeb (16581707) was never an enthusiastic patron of painting, largely for religious reasons, and took a turn away from the pomp and ceremonial of the court around 1668, after which he probably commissioned no more paintings. An innovation was the amount of autonomy he allowed to the provinces. The building is a mausoleum built by Jahan for his wife Mumtaz and it has come to symbolise the love between two people. <>/PageLabels 262 0 R>> [132], An important innovation in shipbuilding was the introduction of a flushed deck design in Bengal rice ships, resulting in hulls that were stronger and less prone to leak than the structurally weak hulls of traditional European ships built with a stepped deck design. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 19 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects of history/social studies. endstream [184], While there appears to have been little concern for theoretical astronomy, Mughal astronomers made advances in observational astronomy and produced nearly a hundred Zij treatises. [188] The Mughal Empire reached across much of the Indian subcontinent. [52] Salim was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti and was raised by the daughter of Chishti. However, by this time Lodi's empire was already crumbling, and it was actually the Rajput Confederacy which was the strongest power of Northern India under the capable rule of Rana Sanga of Mewar. [36][37] Nevertheless, Babur's ancestors were sharply distinguished from the classical Mongols insofar as they were oriented towards Persian rather than Turco-Mongol culture. The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constr. Economic historian Indrajit Ray estimates shipbuilding output of Bengal during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries at 223,250tons annually, compared with 23,061tons produced in nineteen colonies in North America from 1769 to 1771. Their embrace of different religions of different religions earn you one point on both Inca... 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