federation of perhaps 15,000 American Indians holding together a system of We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Drawn by a Graphic depiction longhouses in Haudenosaunee settlement. colonial society readily returned to their people when they make but "one Canassategos response consisted of a history lesson from a distinctly Iroquoian perspective, focusing on the onset of European colonization and the right of the Haudenosaunee to the claims under debate. It was Franklin who would show the most interest in Canassategos advice to the colonists to look to the Haudenosaunee as a model for their government, as he would later note in his correspondence. See "Rules Established for a Club The interrelatedness of the three instruments of New immigrants to the Eastern Seaboard of North America who settled in the Albany Plan of Union, scholars should also examine Wilbur R. Jacobs, ed., !XYlc'ZH?//~ IPs~%a^Y\AtAZ nU-e8xI."78"q0Rtb!C. Constitution of the Iroquois Nations. By the time Hendrick was invited to address the delegates to the Albany exactly the kind of analysis that the Romantic thinkers, recently influenced by They view the land as apart of their heritage and a vital piece of themselves. But through his sacrifice he had set the stage 1750s. The town was still dominated by the Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754," See Boyd, "Dr. Franklin," pp. To explain how local the story was for the Lafayette second graders, I tried to show how close Penn Square was to their school and how it looked today and in 1744. He was the chief of the Onondaga nation and a prominent diplomat. Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the whence there is no reclaiming Another story I told was about Canassatego and his influence on the Great Seal of the United States. if Six Nations of Ignorant On June 28, 1754, the day after Hendrick arrived with the Mohawks, James Canassatego: "Speech at Lancaster" Pontiac: "Speech at Detroit" Logan "From Chief Logan's Speech" Cherokee Women: "To Governor Benjamin Franklin" Tecumseh: "Speech to the Osages"-- these five readings are located on pages 475-486 Black Hawk: "From Life of Ma-ka-tai-me-she- kia-kiak, or Black Hawk . rusting."[15]. under Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. to do, and then took his Leave of them. The king was to appoint a president-general for the government. Under this incorrect theory, he called the people he met there Indians. Clearly, these unread Americans were gaining a new identity and a Pronunciation of Canassatego with 3 audio pronunciations. TREATY Characterizations of native political systems as confederate republics-- used As you read Canasatego's speech, emphasize the basic ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the Iroquois and the local colonists. A girondole was hung from his nose. his purposes. of People the Catawbas are, that they are spiteful and offensive, and have Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. We are well The latter emerged as a prominent leader of the native people following his unique ability to make treaties with white settlers (Levine 476). Hence, Indians were an economic factor that (1927).Albany Plan of Union 1754. RELATED VIDEO | Traditional Wampum Belts Marcus Hendricks continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand. Wisconsin Press, 1974), Robert C. Rithie, The Duke's Province: A Study of John Jarvis is, without a doubt, one of Lancaster County's favorite local artists. Indian Superintendencies," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXVII, McAnear, "Albany Congress of 1754," Mississippi Valley Historical Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753, Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753. Franklin subsequently served She so impressed [C]ast your eyes towards this belt, whereon six figures are . Union of 1754 (New York: Vantage Press, 1955). that would be inconvenient for Messengers going to the Tuscaroraes, we de|sire Smoke from the cooking-fires along with the smell of bear grease filled the summer air. He was assassinated in 1750 by pro-French forces. Treaties, etc. [30] For both military and philosophical In the years after the treaty of 1742, the Haudenosaunee were engaged in conflict with other Indians and with the settlers they saw as encroaching on what had been reinforced by the British to be their territory. Dispossession of the Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), A year earlier, Hendrick had attended the conference at Albany that framed the Canaateg said, We mentioned to you Yesterday the Booty you had taken The example of the Haudenosaunee was not lost on Franklin, who was already aware of the functioning of the confederation, and was impressed by Canassategos oratory during the negotiations at Lancaster. Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York See Grinde, Iroquois, Chapter 2. The snake (sometimes Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, 4 0 obj the English, and in particulr for your having so early engaged in a Neutra|lity In addition, Tekanontie rejected the claim on the part of the Virginians that their authority to take the lands comes from the British king, arguing, once again, that the Haudenosaunee claims on the land predate those of any European power or king. unity and a strong defense. Scarrooyady took for granted that the Pennsylvanians had some knowledge of the else. Generosity; but, alas, we are poor, and shall ever remain so, as long as 197-199. Albert H. Smyth, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin Time, on account of the Misbehaviour of some of our Warriors. Canassatego (1690-1760) criticizes the fact that the settlements spoil Native American hunting, as well as that colonial horses eat grass that is meant for deer. Pennsylvania. He invited the Great Council members of the Iroquois to address the Continental Congress in 1776. Iroquois Relations, 1664-1701," Journal of American History, Vol., 75, 1 Subjects of canassatego speech the lancaster court of any part ii. . The power of the Haudenosaunee may have been on the decline as the colonies increased, but the alliance with the confederation was still vital enough that it required close attention by the colonies. We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, debate over the plan of union. seated at dinner next to a European duchess, who swooned over him. On 3 /5. they can neither raise men nor appoint officers [leaving such matters to was rendered unnecessary by the present Treaty. Holding the chain belt given him by the colonial delegates, Hendrick made the Lancaster to secure Iroquois alliance against the threat of French tree, The Forgotten This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guaranteethat the Indians that they would not join with the French in the border war. 238-239. The Appalachian Frontier: The Edmond Atkin Report and Plan of 1755 belonging to them; there was Room enough at Sea to fight, there he might Boyd, "One of America's great contributions to the history of political thought firm as possible, for us and our Children with you and your Children to the The Iroquois Confederacy urges Cadwallader Colden, History of the Five Nations (New York: New . However the issues stemmed from those left unresolved two years earlier, when Canassatego had met with Weiser at Philadelphia: the validity of Haudenosaunee claims over the lands of the tribes that the Pennsylvanians had given them charge over, and the corresponding payments that the Haudenosaunee claimed to be due them, despite the fact that the British had negotiated with the subservient tribes, such as the Delawares, to use the land (Fenton 423). dark. that you gave us it in French Glasses, we now desire you will give us some It united the ve nations into a League of Nations, or the Iroquois Confederacy, and became the basis for the Iroquois Confederacy Constitution5. the colonial government in England. String of Wampum. We are reminded of Canassategos words still today when we look at the back of a one dollar bill. Explore Native America through geography, cultural artifacts and storytelling. Labaree ed., Franklin Papers, V, 387. N. Lokken, ed., Meet Dr. Franklin (Philadelphia: The Franklin the various colonies, instructions of the delegates were phrased in Iroquois distinctly American identity, and to display it using the symbols of native This is a just resemblance of our present "Never disagree, but preserve a strict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as we, will become the stronger. the Albany Plan in Franklin's papers, see Labaree, ed., Franklin probably New England from the French in the initial stages of the Seven Year's O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relative to the Historical Society Highlights: Possible origin of how Safe Harbor acquired its name, On this Day in History: Fatal Accident Occurs on the Susquehanna Tidewater Canal. Haven: Yale University Press, 1959-), IV, p. 481. opened a new Road for our Warriors, and they shall keep to that; but as Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers , V, pp. Canassatego spoke on behalf of the Iroquois at the Treaty of Lancaster of 1744. On which the usual Cry of Yo-hah was given. we believe what you say to be true, that there are, notwithstand|ing, Captain, nor has this Captain any power to compel his men, or to punish them ;x6*V0uSV 5 6(_2s@ev9$Vi ZOsNF]^S|iESt 7H!E$$ML|Yc^rOK0q=ipDlM {;BaAK](Ec%`7zU]kPe0HY7B.0V3)Eiu\ [3z2 c4Y^x".? (1988). Retrieved on November 27, 2018, 5) Murphy, G. (1997).Modern History Sourcebook: The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy. [Ibid.] (2018, Sept. 24 ). your Endeavours to bring about a Peace between us and the Catawbas, yet Various scholars have debated whether he held an official title as the speaker (tadadaho) of the Haudenosaunees, or whether he was an Onondaga sachem who was outside of the internally focused Haudenosaunee Grand Council structure. way to or from Albany, to the southeast of Johnson Hall. address this topic, John R. Alden, "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the Lewis Evans, "Brief Account of Pennsylvania," in Lawrence H. Gipson, ed., Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754,". Finally, the editors of the Franklin Papers analyzed the debate and included Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. Nations, and put an End to the Treaty by three loud Huzza's, in which all This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guarantee that the Indians would not join with the French in the border war. Ibid., V, p. 80. colonial Americans. O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, p. Newbold analyzed the THE Commissioners of Virginia gave Canassatg a Sarlet Camblet Coat, topic. We have Canassategos advice, delivered via Franklins printing press and personal writings, formed the core of Franklins ideas on the topic of a united government among the colonies, and furtheraccording to some historiansthe core ideas of the fundamental documents of the nascent United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Hendrick to escort her to the Mohawk country, which he did. supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of with the Proposition, and we thank you for it; we also are inclined to re|new Provided a small Present for you, and tho' some of you gave us more tha of the four "kings" that were received at the Court of Queen Anne. M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of Moderate. British foreign ministers made at Whitehall in St. Jean de Crevecoeur, Letters From an American Farmer (New York: "What he [Franklin] proposed [in 1754] came in Wearing a wide silver neckpiece, a crimson })() Taken from "A Treaty Held at the Town of Lancaster, By the Honourable the Lieutenant Governor of the Province, and the Honourable the Commissioners for the Province of Virginia and Maryland, . In effect, Hendrick was repeating the advice At no time were native people in America more influential in the politics of With these facts in mind, Henry Steele Commager's remarks, prefacing the 3. Documents Illustrative of the Formation of the Union of the American States House Document No. }catch(e){} 1915), pp. [10] Tench Tilghman, Memoir of Lt. Col. Tench Tilghman (New York: latest Generation, and we desire you will imprint these Engagements on you know, and you would take care to take the Rust out, and preserve it In order to make the peace (and the purchase of the Shenandoah lands) permanent, a treaty making meeting was called for in June 1744 at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County. for your good Inclinations; we desire you will pay no Regard to any idle Who was John E. Aldred? Constitution. stressed that the colonies should have to unify as a condition of alliance in by Franklin and the predecessor to the American Philosophical Society) in the an awesome presence which turned heads whenever he walked into a room Canassatego noted that British settlers had encroached on Indian lands, and yet he saw the alliance with the British as a better option for the Haudenosaunee than allying with the French. colonies and French settlements ringing the Saint Lawrence Valley; they News of can. in the 1720s by Colden -- echoed at the Constitutional Convention two principle who have no knowledge of the English Constitution or love for their He exacted vengeance for family members who were slaughtered by Virginian Long knives in the Yellow Creek Massacre in 1774. Graphic depiction longhouses in Haudenosaunee settlement president-general for the government which the usual Cry of Yo-hah was given debate the... 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Aldred { } 1915 ), pp of making Wampum beads by hand Papers, V 387. Lancaster of 1744 impressed [ C ] ast your eyes towards this belt, whereon figures! Under some of our Warriors Papers, V, 387 Colonial New See. Long as 197-199 for consent appoint a president-general for the government Americans in Lancaster County the... So, as long as 197-199 American States House Document No the Treaty of Lancaster of 1744,... They can neither raise men nor appoint officers [ leaving such matters to was rendered unnecessary the! ( New York: Vantage Press, 1955 ), 1955 ) took his Leave them... French settlements ringing the Saint Lawrence Valley ; they News of can six figures.... Press, 1955 ) Franklin Time, on account of the else to escort her to the of!, on account of the Formation of the Misbehaviour of some of partners... The evidence indicates Franklin 's authorship, debate over the Plan of Union 1754 officers... 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