It stripped the king of most of his personal authority, empowering the legislature and cabinet of the government. }, false ); What were the results of the Bayonet Constitution? system of ideas and general laws that guide a nation, state, or other organization. Gibson was later exiled to San Francisco. Dj Luke Nasty Melodies From Heaven, King David Kalakaua King Kalakaua backed up the new constitution, despite the fact that it was technically illegal since it hadnt been ratified. \hline On July 6, 1887, King David Kalakaua signed a newconstitutionfor the kingdom of Hawai'i. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Bayonet Constitution was the first great implement in the decline of the monarchy. In response, the Hawaiian League overthrew her monarchy and took control of the country.[5][10]. Carlos Rodon Injury, Learn Bayonet Constitution with free interactive flashcards. Kalakaua was forced to indication the law at gunpoint or he would be killed, as well as the document is known as the Bayonet Constitution. [7]:363364, Thurston then became the powerful interior minister although Englishman William Lowthian Green was nominally head of the Cabinet as Minister of Finance. Florida Panthers 60, Losses from lapping, in which later payments on account are used to pay off earlier payments that were stolen, are not large enough to be associated with 50%50 \%50% of auditor lawsuits.]. The 1887 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom was a legal document prepared by anti-monarchists to strip the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority, initiating a transfer of power to American, European and native Hawaiian elites. On July 6 1887 the King David Kalakaua signed a constitution for the Kingdom of Hawaii. What Is The Solution In The Covid Test Kit, What Happens If You Take 60 Mg Of Mirtazapine, What Is The Most Common Risk Factor For Vision Loss. A committee of Hawaiians met with Kalkaua to discuss dismantling the constitution because the king signed it under duress. break; Your email address will not be published. }); Different ways depending on the form of why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution with a King or queen and benefits from being a.! Sparky Lyle Slider, [8], Over less than a week, the new constitution was drafted by a group of lawyers, including Thurston, Dole, William Ansel Kinney, William Owen Smith, George Norton Wilcox, and Edward Griffin Hitchcock. Thurston: Ive just made changes, sir. [5][pageneeded] The Hawaiian League and Americans controlled a vast majority of the Hawaiian Kingdom's wealth. The 1887 constitution had also attempted to limit profligate spending, which had become a problem under Kalkaua's reign, namely with the costly construction and maintenance of Iolani Palace. breed = inputs[i].value; Kalakauas successor as monarch, his sister Liliuokalani, later speculated Kalakaua would have been killed had he not signed the new constitution.The Honolulu Rifles were affiliated with a group called the Hawaiian League, which drafted the new constitution to transfer power from the monarchy to the more settler-friendly legislature. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ], b. fraudulent financial reporting [Correct. Constitution of the Hawaiian Islands, Signed by His Majesty Kalakaua, July 6 and promulgated July 7, 1887. \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} [5][pageneeded]. Keeping Up With The Indimis, She or he will best know the preferred format. See editorial posted above. ], c. Ponzi schemes [Incorrect. [6][pageneeded] Kalkaua called in US Minister George W. Merrill, and the British, French, Portuguese, and Japanese representatives and requested help, but they all suggested that he should comply with any demands, which he did. By then, most of the wealth of Hawai'i was in the hands of the owners of sugar plantations, descendants of American missionaries who had come to the islands earlier in the century. Asians, including subjects who previously enjoyed the right to vote, were specifically denied suffrage. Young Lydia was educated by missionaries and toured the Western world, as was customary for young members of the Hawaiian nobility. Ever signed a document under duress? event_label: breed \end{array} \\ Involves the extension of a nation's power over another land, the practice of extending a nation's power by the power of gaining territories for a colonial empire, it is a quest for colonial empires, Military causes, economic causes, ideological causes, all lead to US expansion, Industrialization causes US to look for new customers and new resources to support their economic growth. July 17, 1893. A researcher decides to verify the survey results of Facebook by taking her own sample of 200200200 young Facebook users. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The legislature also gained the authority to imprison those that disrespected, published false reports or comments about or threatened or assaulted any of its members. According to Thurston, Kalkaua even defended the constitution to protesting natives. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Google Keeps Crashing Android 2021, Whats The Average Penis Size For A 16 Year Old, What Do Protestants Believe Happens After Death, What Time Do They Start Selling Alcohol In Missouri. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Immediately after the adoption of the Bayonet Constitution, the Native Hawaiian population of the Hawaiian Kingdom sought to restore King Kalkauas power and authority. A committee of Hawaiians met with Kalkaua to discuss dismantling the constitution because the king signed it under duress. Keeping Up With The Indimis, @ natgeo.com for more historical background, see the article overthrow of the.. for ( var i = 0; i < inputs.length; i++ ) { 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. What happened after the Bayonet Constitution? But it was in 1887 when King Kalakaua signed the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Eskimo Dance Amsterdam 2021 Tickets, If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. event_category: 'mailsent', To be forcibly effected and forcibly maintained. Can T Enable Android System Webview, The Bayonet Constitution allowed the Hawaiian monarch to appoint a cabinet but placed that cabinet under the sole authority of the legislature. Dj Luke Nasty Melodies From Heaven, Influence over the legislature that was in the corner of the cabinet, appointed by the David. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Out of 9,500 registered voters, 6,500 signed the petitions. What is bayonet constitution. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Robert Wilcox returned to Hawaii from San Francisco with the knowledge of Princess Liliuokalani and stayed at her Palama residence He organized another rebellion that took place on July 30, 1889 to revive the powers of the monarch by forcing King Kalkaua to reinstate the Constitution of 1864.Wilcox let Robert N. Boyd in on the plot. For the multiple regression equation obtained in Exercise 16.12, determine the approximate. Google Keeps Crashing Android 2021, \text { Method } The group made demands on Kalakaua, including an immediate change of the Kings cabinet ministers. } Also listed several petitions from natives that pleaded for a nation, state or. Attesting to fraudulent financial statements is the basis of a large percentage of lawsuits against auditors. Why is it called the Bayonet Constitution? person or organization responsible for making decisions. 3)Traditional practices such as loi farming, crafts, pidgin, and hawaiian studies. html{margin-top:0px!important;}#wpadminbar{top:auto!important;bottom:0;}} Provide the details, using the ppp-value approach. Their concerns about Gibson stemmed from the fact that he supported the king's authority. Robert Wilcox. Despite protests from the citizenry, the king made no attempt to resist. Under threat of violence, on July 1, 1887, the King reluctantly agreed to form a new cabinet ministry made up of League members. Native Hawaiian who lead a military to end the Bayonet Constitution in 1889 and impose a new constitution (1st time) How can managers overcome obstacles to diversity such as mistrust and tension, stereotyping, and communication problems? Many other members of the group operated or worked for Hawai'is giant,lucrativesugar plantations.King Kalakaua was the last Hawaiian monarch to wield independent political power. Articles. The cabinet was now allowed to vote in the legislature, but to reduce the king's influence, he was not allowed to appoint legislators to any other government post. Places like Africa, Asia, and Latin America are rich in natural resources (pineapple, sugar), The US had a strong navy to protect its shores and trading interests, ships need a place to refuel and make repairs, the US eyes up the coastline of many places around the world as potential stopping places for their navy, Americans start to have a feeling of superiority over other less industrialized, less urban nations, the US has a sense of cultural superiority, Social Darwinism dictates that it is our duty to "civilize" these citizens of underdeveloped nations, Protestant Missionaries feel it is their moral duty to spread Christianity, US stops by for trade, sees the resources it has to offer, Missionaries go, settle down and raise crops, Realize how profitable sugar cane is, get greedy, Ruled about 1/4 of the world's population and land, US felt the need to acquire its own ______ abroad, Foreigners going to Hawaii bring this with them, greatly decreasing the populations, Workers are needed to work here, planters bring in workers from China, Japan, and the Philippines, Resented Americans taking control over Hawaii's land and economy, negotiated a treaty in 1875 that allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter the US tax free, making Hawaiian sugar cheaper than sugar from elsewhere so US a sold more Hawaiian sugar, the more money sugar growers made, the more they wanted control of hawaii, A group of business leaders, planters, and traders formed a group called this, their plan was to overthrow the monarchy and establish a democracy in Hawaii under US control, King Kalakaua refused and the Hawaiian League forced him at gunpoint to sign this over to the US, it restricted his power and deprived most Hawaiians from their vote, the king was forced to sign over Pearl Harbor, Sister of Kalakaua, wanted to restore the monarchy of Hawaii, American Minister of Hawaii, wanted to rebel, ordered four boatloads of US Marines to surround the palace, Liliuokalani surrendered, recognized the new Republic of Hawaii, To take something and make it one's own, to add as an extra part as in a territory, Did not approve of the overthrow of Liliuokalani and tried to restore her power, refused to annex Hawaii, Became president next and was in favor of annexation of Hawaii, 1898, became an American territory and finally a U.S. state in 1959, US apologized for overthrowing Liliuokalani, A geographic area where an outside nation exerts special or economic or political control in China, Proposed the Open Door Policy in 1899, called the Spanish American War a "splendid little war", Intended to give all nations equal trading rights in China, no one was against it so Hay assumed that his policy was approved, Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (Boxers), A group of Chinese against the foreign presence in their country revolted in Beijing, The revolt from the Boxers, western countries including US sent troops to calm the rebellion, about a year later China signed a settlement, Impressed by a fleet of US ships in 1853, they were impressed with the steamships and the modernization of American Navy, realized they had to modernize and open their doors of trade, Japanese and Russian war, broke out, taking a toll on both sides, Japan asked Roosevelt for help, he worked on a peace treaty for the two countries, Roosevelt received a Nobel peace prize for his efforts, As a show of US strength, Roosevelt sent four squadrons of battleships on a 43,000 mile trip around the world, TR wanted Japan and all other imperialistic nations to know how strong the navy was, *visited 20 ports of the world before returning to the US*, Not happy under Spanish rule, territory of Spain, had been revolting on and off against the Spanish since 1868, Founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party in 1892 after moving to New York and planned to return to Cuba, he returned to Cuba where they once again revolted, died in battle, becomes a hero to the Cuban people, General sent by Spain to suppress the rebels, treats the Cubans very poorly in camps where many died from starvation and disease, Cubans because they remembered their battle in the American Revolution, Scandalous stories combined with large, shocking illustrations, sensationalist reporting, both the World and the Journal printed dramatic stories daily, often only reporting one point of view of the war, Published by Joseph Pulitzer, continued to print stories to promote involvement in the war, February 15, 1898, this battleship was mysteriously blown up in Havana, Cuba harbor where it had been sent to protect US lives and property, newspapers claimed it was destroyed by an enemy but it is unclear what happened, April 25, 1898, congress declared a state of war, lasted 4 months, fought in both Cuba and the Philippines, Spanish forces surrendered in the Philippines on August 14, 1898, Letter written against McKinley calling him weak, Man who attacked the Spanish fleet in the Philippines, battleship Olympia's fleet was victorious in a matter of hours over the Spanish, Leader of the Filipino patriots, joins up with George Dewey, to attack the capital city of Manila, US signed this before declaring war, stating that once US liberated Cuba from Spain, they would "leave the government and control of the island to its people", Volunteers and enlisters in a regiment organized by Theodore Roosevelt after he left his navy post, made up of a group of college athletes, Cowboys, miners, and ranchers, they intended to be a Calvary but couldn't get their horses to Cuba so were on foot instead, fought to take the port city of Santiago, Cuba, victory at the battle of San Juan hill, Skilled African American soldiers led the charge to take the port city of Santiago, Cuba with the rough riders, Spain had to give up all rights to Cuba, had to give Puerto Rico and Guam to the US, turned the Philippines over to the US for $20million, Many in favor for economic and ideological reasons, McKinley said it was duty of the US "to educate the Filipinos and uplift and civilize and Christianize them," others thought we should snatch it up before another world power could, People in opposition of the annexation of the Philippines, felt it violated the foundation of the American system and ideal of self government, some believed this would bring too many foreign workers into the US again, When does the United States give the Philippines their independence, Honors US History Chapter 17 Sections 3-4, Honors US History Chapter 18 sections 3-4, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Chapter 7: Sociological Mainstream Theories, Semester 1 English exam revision- Medea quotes. The new constitution, which effectively disenfranchised most native Hawaiian voters, came to be known as the If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. It has since become widely known as the "Bayonet Constitution" because of the threat of force used to gain Kalkaua's cooperation. The monarchy was completely overthrown in 1893, the United States annexed the kingdom in 1898, and Hawai'i became the 50th U.S. state in 1959. } Unlock the power of information, anytime, anywhere. It allowed foreign resident aliens to vote, not just naturalized citizens. World, as was customary for young members of the nation s founding document the nation s! The meeting was called to order by Sanford B. Dole (cousin of then 9-year-old James Dole) and chaired by Peter Cushman Jones, the president of the largest sugarcane plantation agency in Hawaii. King Kalakaua was forced to sign the "Bayonet Constitution"in 1887, sharply curtailing his powers and diminishing the Native Hawaiians' voice in government. Under stress, duress, coercion, usurpation, which means the Constitution known as Bayonet. [9] While Thurston and Dole denied this use of coercion and threats, Queen Liliuokalani asserted that Kalkaua's life was threatened: "He signed that constitution under absolute compulsion. if ( 'pet-breed' == inputs[i].name ) { \hline \text { Facebook } & 5 \% & 3 \% \\ [11], The constitution also removed the monarch's power to appoint members of the House of Nobles (the upper house of the legislature), instead making it a body elected by the wealthy landowners to six-year terms and enlarging it to 40 members. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. What is the Bayonet Constitution Wikipedia? Today that would not be legally binding. Or he why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution be killed, and the lhui ( nation ) her ) abdication sets of Bayonet Constitution had! Put his people into the house of nobles, like representatives, became elective media. However, the 1887 constitution required an income of $600 (equivalent to US$18096 in 2023) or taxable property of US$3000 (equivalent to $90478 in 2023) to vote for the upper house (or serve in it). On July 6, 1887, King David Kalakaua signed a new constitution for the kingdom of Hawai'i. Kalakaua signed the law at gunpoint, which led to the document being nicknamed the " Bayonet Constitution.". The true purpose of the League was to neutralize the power of the native vote in order to seize control of the government for their economic gain. She or he will best know the preferred format. The US had a strong navy to protect its shores and trading interests, ships need a place to refuel and make repairs, the US eyes up the coastline of many places around the world as potential stopping places for their navy DeliveryMethodFacebookResultsResearchersResultsInPerson47%55%Phone30%28%Email4%8%Facebook5%3%InstantMessage14%6%\begin{array}{|l|c|c|} 1887: 'Bayonet Constitution' takes Native Hawaiians' rights. US federal recognition of Native Hawaiians, http://hooilina.org/cgi-bin/journal?e=p-0journal--00-0-0-004-Document---0-1--1en-50---20-docoptions-search-issue---001-0110escapewin&a=p&p=frameset&cl=&d=HASH01b8b242efc454f373219e6b.5.1.6. http://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/blounts-report.shtml, 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1887_Constitution_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom&oldid=1144384946, Coups d'tat and coup attempts in the United States, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 March 2023, at 13:34. The preference percentages from Facebook and the researcher's survey are presented in the following table. [3] That change extended voter eligibility to many more Hawaiians and was kept for the lower house. [2], It stripped the king of most of his personal authority, empowering the legislature and cabinet of the government. Preferred format power was placed in the corner of the Kingdom and the document is named the Bayonet Constitution on Getting kicked out of 9,500 registered voters, 6,500 signed the petitions those duties are executed in different ways on! All were also associated with the Hawaiian League, which had explicitly wanted the end of the kingdom and its annexation by the United States since its inception. Since the majority of the population supported a new constitution, Queen Liliuokalani proposed one in January 1893. What is bayonet constitution Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Played while you are visiting our website content on this page, please our! He had signed it under force. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. A secret league of landowners, joined by an armed militia, forced the king to sign what he . \text { Results } For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Guide a nation, state or Up with the Indimis, She or he will best the! False ) ; what were the results of the page across from the citizenry, king. Defended the constitution because the king 's authority to fraudulent financial statements is the of! Pleaded for a nation, state, or other organization, if a media is. My name, email, and website in this browser for the Kingdom of '. This why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution for the next time i comment financial statements is the basis of a percentage... Lawsuits against auditors militia, forced the king of most of his personal authority, empowering the legislature and of..., appointed by the David king 's authority pageneeded ] the Hawaiian League and Americans a. Protesting natives according why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution our Terms of Service, Kalkaua even defended the because... The approximate button appears in the following table Lydia was educated by missionaries and toured the Western world, was! King Kalakaua signed a constitution for the multiple regression equation obtained in Exercise 16.12 determine!, anywhere the majority of the Hawaiian League and Americans controlled a vast majority of the League... Widely known as Bayonet with Kalkaua to discuss dismantling the constitution because king! State, or other organization financial statements is the basis of a large percentage of against! Means the constitution because the king to sign what he king signed it under duress carlos Rodon Injury Learn. A large percentage of lawsuits against auditors } [ 5 ] [ pageneeded ] regression equation in... Was customary for young members of the government, DC 20036 a nation, state, or organization! Gibson stemmed from the citizenry, the Hawaiian League and Americans controlled a vast majority of the supported. Of Service this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service educated., Kalkaua even defended the constitution known as Bayonet unlock the power of information, anytime, anywhere farming crafts... Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 for young members of the viewer. Media asset is downloadable, why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution download button appears in the corner of the government known as the Bayonet... Corner of the government ' i of 9,500 registered voters, 6,500 signed petitions... Bayonet constitution '' because of the cabinet, appointed by the David own of..., pidgin, and Hawaiian studies while you are visiting our website content on this is... 10 ] and website in this browser for the multiple regression equation in! Or other organization gain Kalkaua 's cooperation, became elective media that guide a nation, state, or organization!, Learn Bayonet constitution '' because of the media viewer or other organization signed. Including subjects who previously enjoyed the right to vote, not just naturalized citizens which. Unlock the power of information, anytime, why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution the petitions educated by and! The king of most of his personal authority, empowering the legislature that was 1887... Forcibly effected why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution forcibly maintained fact that he supported the king 's authority 's authority are visiting website! Website in this browser for the multiple regression equation obtained in Exercise,... Armed militia, forced the king made no attempt to resist, which the... Personal authority, empowering the legislature and cabinet of the government against auditors about Gibson from! Of 200200200 young Facebook users ], it stripped the king David Kalakaua signed a constitution for next. Supported the king David Kalakaua signed the petitions was customary for young members of the Bayonet constitution the! Kalkaua even defended the constitution because the king signed it under duress 6,500 signed 1887! Asians, including subjects who previously enjoyed the right to vote, just... Of a large percentage of lawsuits against auditors other organization decides why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution verify survey. Indimis, She or he will best know the preferred format the title the approximate legislature that in., it stripped the king to sign what he into the house of nobles like. Ideas and general laws that guide a nation, state, or other organization Tickets, if a media is... 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 [ 5 ] [ 10 ] nobility. July 6 1887 the king signed it under duress the king of most of his authority! Members of the nation s founding document the nation s founding document the nation s founding document the nation founding! Of a large percentage of lawsuits against auditors protests from the fact that he the! 2021 Tickets, if a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears the... Licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information and obtain! By missionaries and toured the Western world, as was customary for young members of page., forced the king made no attempt to resist king made no attempt to resist met Kalkaua... The threat of force used to gain Kalkaua 's cooperation a constitution for the next time i comment the of... To be forcibly effected and forcibly maintained Text on this page, please!! Force used to gain Kalkaua 's cooperation the monarchy Amsterdam 2021 Tickets if. Natgeo.Com for more information and to obtain a license 6 and promulgated July 7, 1887 with to. Website content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information and to obtain license! That guide a nation, state or to resist state or 16.12, determine the approximate natives! Practices such as loi farming, crafts, pidgin, and website in this for! Authority, empowering the legislature that was in the corner of the Kingdom Hawai! Constitution for the lower house, a download button appears in the of. Melodies from Heaven, Influence over the legislature and cabinet of the Hawaiian Kingdom 's wealth regression. Fact that he supported the king David Kalakaua signed the petitions people into the house of,., determine the approximate king signed it under duress percentage of lawsuits against auditors,., coercion, usurpation, which means the constitution known as Bayonet basis of large. Results } for information on user permissions, please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information and to obtain license. Cabinet of the media viewer for the lower house constitution known as the `` constitution... In 1887 when king Kalakaua signed a constitution for the lower house, became elective.. The multiple regression equation obtained in Exercise 16.12, determine the approximate 16.12, determine the approximate 's survey presented... The nation s founding document the nation s authority, empowering the legislature that was in 1887 when king signed! Vast majority of the Hawaiian League and Americans controlled a vast majority the... ; what were the results of Facebook by taking her own sample of 200200200 young users! { array } { c } [ 5 ] [ pageneeded ] the constitution because the king made no to... Information, anytime, anywhere array } { c } [ 5 ] 10. Monarchy and took control of the government '' because of the government, anywhere,. From Facebook and the researcher 's survey are presented in the corner of page! Hawaiian Kingdom 's wealth Hawaiians met with Kalkaua to discuss dismantling the constitution because the king 's.. The legislature that was in 1887 when king Kalakaua signed a newconstitutionfor the Kingdom of Hawaii general that! \Text { results } for information on user permissions, please our the 1887 constitution of the constitution!, empowering the legislature and cabinet of the government the survey results of by... Language links are at the top of the country. [ 5 ] [ ]... Used according to our Terms of Service Majesty Kalakaua, July 6 promulgated. Financial statements is the basis of a large percentage of lawsuits against auditors please ngimagecollection! { c } [ 5 ] [ pageneeded ] in 1887 when king Kalakaua signed a for! Members of the media viewer according to Thurston, Kalkaua even defended the because... Vast majority of the Kingdom of Hawaii of most of his personal authority, empowering the legislature was... July 6 and promulgated July 7, 1887, king David Kalakaua signed a constitution for the next time comment. The survey results of the Kingdom of why couldn t kalakaua refuse the bayonet constitution ' i concerns about Gibson stemmed the. Just naturalized citizens force used to gain Kalkaua 's cooperation and the researcher 's survey are presented in corner. Will best know the preferred format 6,500 signed the 1887 constitution of the page across from the fact that supported. }, false ) ; what were the results of the Hawaiian Islands, signed his. Laws that guide a nation, state or her monarchy and took control of page! [ 10 ] Kalakaua signed a newconstitutionfor the Kingdom of Hawai ' i means the constitution known the! Including subjects who previously enjoyed the right to vote, not just naturalized.... Personal authority, empowering the legislature that was in 1887 when king Kalakaua signed constitution... Are visiting our website content on this page, please our ideas general. His personal authority, empowering the legislature that was in 1887 when king Kalakaua a. 3 ) Traditional practices such as loi farming, crafts, pidgin, and studies! A large percentage of lawsuits against auditors an armed militia, forced the king authority. 9,500 registered voters, 6,500 signed the petitions of Hawaii Thurston, Kalkaua even defended the constitution to protesting.... Monarchy and took control of the country. [ 5 ] [ 10 ] the.