There had been an earlier plan to preserve the Baltimore site as 'an auxiliary institution' after the Spring Grove site was completed However, the hospital was already in debt, there was no way that the partially completed structure at Spring Grove could be completed without a major infusion of funds, and so the original proposal to maintain the hospital at two sites (Baltimore City and Spring Grove) was formally abandoned in 1870 when the property was sold. If you would like to comment on Spring Grove's History, or if you would like to suggest additions or corrections, please contact us at Grove Hospital Center was founded in 1797 and is the second oldest psychiatric hospital in the United States. While the problems cited in the 'Maryland's Shame' articles existed in all of the state hospitals and custodial institutions (such as facilities for the mentally retarded) the problems seems to be particularly severe at Spring Grove -- in part because approximately a third of its patient population was being cared for and treated in the aging Main Building, a structure that in 1949 was nearly 100 years old and considered by all to be a firetrap. The 1843 report specifically mentions the fact that the new structure was erected in the same location as the original building. According to a 'History of Baltimore, Maryland', published in 1898, the 1794 Retreat was considered to have been 'the first hospital established in Baltimore.' At the time, most of Maryland's seriously mentally ill, as well as those persons who were referred to as 'inebriates' (alcoholics) or as being 'feeble-minded' (mentally retarded), were kept in local jails and almshouses -- if they were poor or indigent, or were not able to be cared for at home. Records from the period indicate that by 1861 the 'center building' (the central section of the new hospital building) was raised to the second floor, and the foundation of the South Wing (the section to the left in the above drawing) had already been laid. Groovy. The building and grounds became the property of the City of Baltimore in May, 1798, when Captain Yellott consummated the purchase. World War I affected Spring Grove in several ways. Fancy dress balls and 'cake walks' were organized, and records from the period speak of patients going out to shoot partridges for the Superintendent's dinner. Read more 0 Provision should be made for them, without delay, by building a separate accommodation for them in connection with a hospital for the insane. In addition, at around this time, Spring At the time, most of Maryland's seriously mentally ill, as well as those persons who were referred to as 'inebriates' (alcoholics) or as being 'feeble-minded' (mentally retarded), were kept in local jails and almshouses -- if they were poor or indigent, or were not able to be cared for at home. 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, Maryland 21228 USA410.402.6000. Smythe and Mackenzie -- on the condition that they complete the addition of the 'Centre Building,' which, it should be noted, was not a separate building, but, instead, a new component of a single larger structure. In the middle 1950's, Spring Grove became one of the first three state hospitals in the United States to become accredited by the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Hospitals (now the JCAHO). 1. Weltmer Bowl, was build (reportedly entirely by patient labor) between 1936 and 1945. Up until that time, Maryland had depended heavily upon a system known as 'County Care,' i.e., the basic care and shelter that was provided in 'County Homes' (alms houses) to indigent citizens (including indigent citizens with mental illnesses) by the various counties. It has also been called the 'Hospital for Strangers and Mariners,' the 'Hospital for Seamen and Strangers,' and as the 'Retreat for Strangers and Mariners.' As with any setting that provides for the care of vulnerable individuals, the possibility of exploitation and abuse was always present at Spring Grove. The north wing was called the "Male Department," and the south wing was called the "Female Department." Few additional details about the Retreat are known. In addition, as noted above, major repairs and upgrades became necessary almost immediately after the new building at Spring Grove was occupied. In the early 1890s, the Hospital's medical superintendent, Dr. George Roh, published data that he believed pointed to afavorable effect of total hysterectomies on the psychiatric conditions of a series of female patients at Spring Grove. In addition to treating indigent Maryland citizens and 'strangers' (i.e., those without local family or friends) the hospital also continued to treat sick and disabled U.S. seamen for a number of years. *This four-year absence refers to the fact that the Board of Visitors of the Maryland Hospital had been replaced in 1864, during the third year of the Civil War, after most members refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. An annual report published in December 1877 (five years after the new facility opened at Spring Grove) notes that as of that time, the Maryland Hospital for the Insane at Spring Grove was treating 18 African-American patients, and by1896 it was caring for 45 African-American patients (24 male and 21 female).. Accordingly, $2,000 was deducted from the purchase price.) It should be noted that this assertion has not been confirmed through primary sources. Originally, the hospital used the Sunnyside property as its main farmland.However, the demands of the growing hospital were such that within the next ten years it began to further expand its farmland by purchasing much larger tracks of land south of Wilkens Avenue, where the University of Maryland Baltimore County is located today. Two years later, in 1840, the connection between the hospital and the Sisters of Charity was severed, following what evidently was a power struggle between the Sisters of Charity and the hospital's resident physicians. It may originally have been referred to as the 'Maryland State Lunatic Asylum [at] Spring Grove.' The Hillcrest Building (see above) wasalso constructed in the 1920s. As noted above, contemporary reports indicate that when the State resumed full operating control of the hospital in 1834 it found that the building that housed it had been permitted to fall into serious disrepair. Visit Spring Grove Cemetery daily from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. (extended summer hours can be viewed on the website); admission and parking are free and pets are prohibited. In 1870, the legislature ordered the sale of the hospital's holdings in Baltimore City (Acts of 1870). This is possibly because Dr. Sprigg-Steuart has remained a somewhat controversial figure -- primarily due to the fact that his loyalty to the United States was called into question during the U.S. Civil War because he may have been a southern sympathizer. We travel to different venues and event spaces to host parties and private functions. Plays on the grounds of Spring Grove Hospital Center at the, This page was last edited on 5 April 2023, at 20:16. Unfortunately, the fate of the building used by the Retreat between 1794 and 1798 is not known. Baltimore, MD 21201 The Although the completion of the Foster-Wade Building was the major construction project at Spring Grove in the 1920s, it should be noted that a large (100 bed) addition was added at the south end of the Main Building in 1926. We do know that the land upon which the Retreat was built was owned by Captain Yellott, himself. In addition, the property was also located in what had become a fairly densely populated and poorer section of Baltimore -- and among Mr. Hopkins' purposes in establishing a hospital was to provide for medical care to the indigent.. Construction of the new hospital at the Spring Grove site had resumed in 1868, but, apparently, on a limited scale -- due to a lack of money. Rachel is believed to be the spirit of a Civil War nurse who seems to be looking for soldiers to help. Over the years, the hospital's land holdings were expanded considerably, so that, eventually, its grounds covered an area that today is roughly bordered by the present Monument St. to the north; Broadway (formerly Market St.) to the west; Jefferson St. to the south; and Wolfe St. to the east. As noted above, while the name, mission and ownership of the 'Retreat' changed in 1798, it would seem that the 'new' hospital continued to operate, without interruption, in the same building that it had occupied since its inception in 1794 -- at least until patients were able to occupy the new (c.1798) building. In the first place a new Hospital would require more time before it could be made useful than a colony directed from this place. Furthermore, it was not specifically designated to treat psychiatric patients and it was not publicly funded or operated (although it seems that it did accept indigent patients). Now officially known as Spring Grove Hospital Center (renamed in 1973) and under the governance of the Mental Hygiene Administration, the facility operates 330 beds and provides advanced inpatient psychiatric services to approximately 1000 patients every year.Spring Grove is fully accredited by the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO), was recently awarded commendation status by thatorganization, and maintains a major teaching affiliation with the University of Maryland. In addition to the Main Building, buildings at Spring Grove that represented or evoked the Kirkbride plan included such buildings as the The lights have been attached to the present gas fixtures, with the addition of some new fixtures. At its peak, the hospital had 616 acres, most of which was under cultivation. early floor plan of the Maryland Hospital at Spring Grove indicates that the more violent patients were segregated to the back of the building. 'Classification' of patients -- by illness and level of functioning -- was felt to have been an important intervention at the time. Stone Cottages were built in and completed in stages between 1935 and 1941, and the Dr. Wade's successor, Dr. Robert Garrett, oversaw the purchase of an additional 108 acres. The Spring Grove farm continued to operated, albeit on a reduced scale, into the early 1960's. Market Street (now called Broadway) was to its west. This name was used continuously (at least officially) until the hospital was formally renamed: 'The Spring Grove State Hospital' in 1912. Furthermore, records from the period indicate that many, if not most, patients were routinely locked in their bedrooms at night while the nurses and everyone else, other than the men and women who served night as watchmen, slept.). Obsession with a single, often paranoid idea. [1], Main Image Gallery: Spring Grove State Hospital, Spring Grove Hospital Center Alumni Museum, https://asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Spring_Grove_State_Hospital&oldid=39468. Roughly synonymous with what today might be a diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Manic Episode. In a report written about the yet-to-be completed new hospital, Dr. William Steuart, the Resident Physician, referred to it as 'The new Asylum, at Spring Grove.' Most people are astonished to learn that the Maryland State hospital system was not officially desegregated until 1963. https://health.maryland.gov/springgrove/Pages/home.aspx, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, "James E. Steuart Papers, 1785-1955, MS 758 - Maryland Historical Society", "Baltimore County takes next step to purchase Spring Grove land", "Baltimore County makes move to purchase Spring Grove land for regional park | Maryland News Feed", "Hogan administration proposes selling Spring Grove Hospital campus in Catonsville to UMBC for $1", "Hospital sale to UMBC for $1 is approved", "Bd. Similarly, a yellow fever epidemic in 1794 had apparently been one of the factors that had mitigated in Captain Yellott's decision to open his Retreat. In 1877, the following report was made by the Hospital's Board of Managers: 'There is separate care and treatment of the colored insane other than has been provisionally made in this Hospital. As might be guessed, this heating system quickly proved to be inadequate and the upper floors in this very large four-story building were reportedly always cold in the winter. Instead, records suggest that certain patients were admitted and remained primarily because they were poor, homeless, elderly or physically ill. However, these formulas are reproduced only because they are of historic interest. However, it should be noted that originally the administrations of the two hospitals, Spring Grove and Springfield, were linked by the fact that Dr. Roh became the first Superintendent of 'The Second Hospital for the Insane (at Springfield)' in 1896 after he resigned his position as Superintendent of Spring Grove. Eastern State Hospital of Virginia, no psychiatric hospital is older than Spring Grove. Nevertheless, these reports do indicate that the providers placed great emphasis on the importance of cleanliness, good hygiene, patient activities, nourishing foods, personal dignity, and freedom of movement. Spring Grove Hospital Center was founded in 1797 and is the second oldest psychiatric hospital in the United States (The oldest being Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia, which was founded in 1773). The original site is now home to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. [8] Additional plans include expansion of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County campus south of Wilkens Avenue to the Spring Grove campus, where the university still has the rights to a portion of the property. In addition, yellow fever patients were treated at the hospital during the several epidemics that occurred between 1798 and 1819. Contact us. The 19.6 miles from Spring Grove, PA This old hotel, established in 1797, is haunted by Rachel, among other spirits. It held 362 patients by 1880, and 461 by 1893. In 1797, the same year that Baltimore was incorporated as a city, Captain Yellott and his associates petitioned the Maryland General Assembly for assistance in upgrading the Retreat to a larger hospital. Actual construction of the Main Building began in 1853. The Cornets: or the Hypocrisy of the Sisters of Charity Unveiled, a book that supposedly described the author's personal experiences while confined as a patient to the Mount Hope Retreat. Originally, the hospital used the Sunnyside property as its main farmland.However, the demands of the growing hospital were such that within the next ten years it began to further expand its farmland by purchasing much larger tracks of land south of Wilkens Avenue, where the University of Maryland Baltimore County is located today. (A brief history of the hospital, published in the 1843 'Report of the President and Board of Visitors [of the Maryland Hospital]' includes a passage that reads: '-- and to the honor of these gentlemen [Mackenzie and Smythe] it should be known that a large sum, amounting to $60,000, was furnished from their profits and other private resources to carry out fully their benevolent plans, making an entire expenditure of $154,000, up to this period of the history of the Institution.') A group of commissioners was appointed by the Maryland General Assembly. A number of documents that date from the period between the end of the Civil War and 1872 refer to it simply as 'The Spring Grove Asylum.' These repairs evidently included the purchase of about three additional acres of land; the subdivision of two large, open wards on upper floors of the east wing into private rooms; the replacement of the (tin) roof of the 'center' portion of the building; improvements in the wall that surrounded the hospital (to prevent escapes and to enhance privacy); and the demolition and complete rebuilding of the section of the west wing that had at one time been the original hospital building; i.e., the c. 1798 hospital structure that, through a series of modifications and additions over a period of more than 30-years had become the western-most section of the west wing of the hospital. Although today it is difficult for some of us to understand why the historic significance and architectural merit of the Main Building didn't save it from the wrecking ball back in 1963, the fact is that, in 1963, the building was structurally unsound, was justifiably considered to have been a "firetrap," and was felt to have been beyond reasonable repair. Evidently, the agreement was that the Inebriate Asylum could operate in the completed north wing of the Spring Grove site until the rest of the building could be completed and the psychiatric patients from the Maryland Hospital for the Insane at Baltimore could be transferred to into it. Patients were also directed into work and other articles manufactured and 18,579 items repaired by patients. By the 1850s, Baltimore had expanded and the Maryland Hospital, which originally had been in a rural setting, found itself surrounded by the growing city. There were originally 18 wards - 9 on each wing, spread out over three floors. Horses and mules were shod in the Blacksmith shop -- while curtains, awnings, cushions, upholstered chairs and lounges, mattresses and many other items were manufactured in the Upholstery Shop. However, a Report of the Board of Visitors in 1856 says that hospital's construction, up to 1819, was estimated to have been in excess of $200,000. X. . The Main Building's original capacity was 325 patients, and its cost, including landscaping and several associated outbuildings, was approximately $760,000. Collectively, these articles have been come to be known as the 'Maryland's Shame' story. The farm, which was purchased for $12,226, was known as 'Sunnyside.' Convenient to DC, Baltimore and BWI airport, our 180-acre wooded campus feels more like a college setting. Although construction was started in 1853, the Main Building was not substantially completed and ready for full occupancy until 1872. In an apparent extensive 'bad press' in the local media, the legislature revamped the state mental hospital system (Acts of 1949). Rehabilitation Building (a portion of which is also known as the 'Rush Building,' and now the headquarters of the Alcohol and Drug In addition, several buildings that were built at the site a matter of only several years after the Main Building opened are still extant. As noted above, a report of 1843 says that the cost had been $154,000. The 1836 report does indicate that the facility was clean, and that the patients were generally well cared for. In 1852, the hospital's name changed again, at least informally, this time to The Maryland Hospital for the Insane at Baltimore. The university's retiring president . Furthermore, any renewal of the lease was subject to the execution of a commitment by Drs. One of the conditions of the lease was that 'the building be exclusively appropriated as a Hospital for the insane, and diseased persons of every description.' Despite further appropriations of $15,000 in 1856; $25,000 in 1858; another $25,000 in 1859; and $100,000 in 1860 (Acts of 1858, and Acts of 1860), construction progressed slowly -- and had stopped completely by the onset of the Civil War. Additional sums of money were raised by a second lottery, and an additional $60,000 were directly invested by the lessees, although it is not clear if Mackenzie and Smythe invested the money personally or if it came from other private sources. Although perhaps the concepts of Moral Management are seen today as being somewhat puritanical and outdated, modern scholarly studies have reasserted that the application certain of its basic elements can be very beneficial in promoting recovery from serious psychiatric illnesses -- and in preventing relapses. This action, of course, raised the specter of the State losing its entire investment through foreclosure should the General Assembly continue to refuse to appropriate additional funding. The men's industrial shop produced durable goods such as trousers, coats, vests, overalls, boots, shoes, wicker settees and other pieces of furniture, brooms, baskets and tents. This same act required that 'one-half of [the Maryland Hospital]be appropriated to the accommodation of pauper lunatics of [the State of Maryland], who shall there be accommodated and treated at the expense of the county so sending such lunatic paupers; provided, the same shall not exceed one hundred dollars for each pauper lunatic so sent.' http://www.msa.maryland.gov/. Other than Entrance in 1863. The purchase was completed in 1853, but construction of the new buildings was delayed by the Civil War, and the hospital was not finally completed until 1872,[5] when it was described by one contemporary as "one of the largest and best appointed Insane Asylums in the United States".[6]. Suite P101 The farm, which was purchased for $12,226, was known as 'Sunnyside.' It seems clear that it must have always been Captain Yellott's intent to convince the State and local governments to aid him in his efforts to build a larger hospital to replace his Retreat. Federal Hill Beyond the Views: Monumental City Tour, https://baltimoreheritage.org/civicrm/?page=CiviCRM&q=civicrm%2Fevent%2Fregister&reset=1&id=525, Maryland Womens Heritage Center: A Behind The Scenes Tour, The New Lexington Market & Exploring the Neighborhood Around It, Mount Vernon Place: A Monumental City Tour. Today, the Dayhoff Building, the White Building, and portions of the Stone Cottages are located on land that was part of the 1909 'Sunnyside' farm acquisition and not, as might be imagined, part of the hospital's original parcel of land, acquired in 1853. The nine members of the governor-appointed Board of Managers exercised full control over the institution. With the approval of the City Council, Dr. John Mackenzie, the son of Dr. Colin Mackenzie, took control of the hospital in 1827, following his father's death. The various buildings in the 12 Staggering Photos Of An Abandoned Mental Hospital Hiding In Maryland There's no shortage of abandoned places in Maryland and today we're featuring one that's among the most disturbing. He remained in that post until 1876. In addition to his abolition of the use of mechanical restraints, Dr. Gundry fenced the Hospital's grounds and opened them to regular access by the majority of the patients. In 2013, a consultant for the state health department documented serious assaults on hospital staff members at the Spring Grove Hospital Center in Catonsville, and two patients were killed by . However, the hospital's annual report of 1875 does note that a ward of the hospital was set aside specifically to treat 'inebriates.'. In the same tradition, in 1906 a separate building, constructed in back of the Main Building, was opened as a 'Cottage for Colored Women' (see above). It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. Furthermore, the Board was aware that there was a only a limited supply of workers and trades people in the area to do the types of work that needed to be done, and that if they didn't pay these individuals what was already owed to them the Board would be unlikely to get them, or, for that matter, anyone else, to do the additional work that was necessary to finish the building. In 1899 a separate Industrial Shop for men was built behind the Main Building. To learn more about Spring Grove and its history, visit the Labor shortages were also addressed through the construction of new housing for employees. In the two years between 1834 and 1836, the patient population grew to 54 individuals -- 42 psychiatric patients, and 12 general patients. As noted above, an interesting part of the hospital's history is the fact that, despite its designation as a hospital for the care and treatment of 'lunatics,' a primary impetus to the State's decision to fund the facility in 1798 seems to have been a yellow fever epidemic that led to the death of 1,200 people in Baltimore that same year. This year's gingerbread house in the Haunted Mansion's ballroom scene will feature a nearly 10-foot-tall edible version of the venerable haunted house with a man-eating wreath on the front. 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