Put simply: start low and go slow. The antiviral drug aciclovir and its prodrugs, famciclovir and valaciclovir, are extensively renally excreted. Many drugs are not renally cleared. [37], The evidence overall supports the efficacy of bupropion over placebo for the treatment of depression. The Role of Opioids in Pain Management in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review Article. [137], While bupropion demonstrates some potential for misuse, this potential is less than of other commonly used stimulants, being limited by features of its pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100468. What makes a difference? ZYBAN is a prescription medicine to help people quit smoking. Kshirsagar AV, Freburger JK, Ellis AR, Wang L, Winkelmayer WC, Brookhart MA. They all undergo a degree of renal clearance which makes them unsuitable for patients on dialysis.26, Patients with diabetes who need dialysis have reduced insulin clearance, so they may be more liable to hypoglycaemia with both insulin and insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas). MeSH Supplemental dosing may be required or dosing after dialysis should be considered. Intraperitoneal Administration of Drugs in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Review of Compatibility and Guidance for Clinical Use. 75 Metabolism: Bupropion is extensively metabolized in humans. [70] The combination drug naltrexone/bupropion has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of obesity. [11] It is uncertain whether bupropion is a norepinephrinedopamine releasing agent. 1 In 2016, Medicare spent roughly $12 billion in prescription drug coverage on patients with CKD, representing 20% of Medicare Part D drug spending. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. While IV iron prescription has increased over time, the best dosing strategy is unknown and any effect of IV iron on survival is unclear. The 2014 edition of Bailie and Mason's Dialysis of Drugs is a widely used reference table that provides guidelines on the dialyzability of drugs for patients who are undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Since its inception more than 2 decades ago, Dialysis of Drugs has been providing busy healthcare professionals with the best available answers to questions related to the removal . [135], In 2017, the European Medicines Agency recommended suspending a number of nationally approved medicines due to misrepresentation of bioequivalence study data by Micro Therapeutic Research Labs in India. [11][113], There have been reported cases of false-positive urine amphetamine tests in persons taking bupropion. Objectives Determine prevalence of PIPM among patients with CKD and evaluate characteristics of patients and providers associated with PIPM. London: Radcliffe Publishing; 2014. Les avis ne sont pas valids, mais Google recherche et supprime les faux contenus lorsqu'ils sont identifis. Solute removal via haemodialysis is relatively efficient and so can be done intermittently typically three times per week whereas peritoneal dialysis is less efficient and so is usually required for 1224 hours every day. 4th ed. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Dialysis and drug clearance Patients on dialysis are subject to extracorporeal clearance of small molecules, including many drugs. Clinical pharmacokinetics in kidney disease: fundamental principles. The guidelines contained in this application are designed to provide extensive, easy-to-read information regarding the dialyzability of drugs. Dialysis patients require special consideration regarding analgesics, given their altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and increased potential for adverse reactions. Accessibility The prevalence of kidney disease is rising and there are now over 11 400 Australians receiving dialysis.1 These patients may rely on their GPs for much of their medical care. This diagram shows the synthesis of bupropion via 3'-chloro-propiophenone. [112], Bupropion is an aminoketone that belongs to the class of substituted cathinones and the more general class of substituted phenethylamines. She has served as chair of the ACCP Nephrology Pharmacy Practice and Research Network and has worked with numerous other professional organizations including the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Nephrology. The rater enters a number for each symptom construct that ranges from 0 (not present) to 4 (extreme symptoms). Conclusion: Thankfully, several EB Medicine authors have already compiled a collection of material that can help answer that question. Kidney Int. The more medicines you take, the more difficult it can be to remember important information about them. The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Other factors that may affect dosing include clearance by dialysis, increased availability of highly protein-bound drugs due to hypoalbuminaemia,5altered volume of distribution and the presence of comorbid hepatic dysfunction. The dose is adjusted according to the INR in the usual manner. Robinson BM, Larkina M, Bieber B, Kleophas W, Li Y, Locatelli F, McCullough KP, Nolen JG, Port FK, Pisoni RL. Supplemental dosing is usually not required. [75][76][77] Bupropion is not effective in treating chronic low back pain. Bailie GR, Larkina M, Goodkin DA, Li Y, Pisoni RL, Bieber B, Mason N, Tong L, Locatelli F, Marshall MR, Inaba M, Robinson BM. doi: 10.5812/aapm.105754. [123][121] In 2006, Wellbutrin XL was similarly approved as a treatment for seasonal affective disorder. The NephU Community is collaborating to improve care and the future outcomes for individuals with kidney disease and other related conditions. Tobin DG, Lockwood MB, Kimmel PL, Dember LM, Eneanya ND, Jhamb M, Nolin TD, Becker WC, Fischer MJ; HOPE Consortium. [95][101], Bupropion lowers the seizure threshold, and therefore can potentially interact with other medications that also lower it, such as antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, theophylline, and systemic corticosteroids. 2022 Nov;26(11):1043-1054. doi: 10.1007/s10157-022-02263-4. National Library of Medicine Oxford Handbook of Dialysis. Fentanyl and buprenorphine both undergo hepatic clearance and can be used when the oral route is not suitable.13Whichever opioid is chosen, it is important to use small starting doses and closely monitor up-titration to avoid toxicity. Patients prescribed laxatives were almost twice as likely to be on a narcotic (odds ratio = 1.95, P < 0.0001). Hydromorphone is our preferred oral opioid for treating severe pain. Beta-blocker dialyzability and mortality in older patients receiving hemodialysis. Practical information, tools and resources for health professionals and staff to help improve the quality of health care and safety for patients. The reverse effect (decrease of bupropion and increase of hydroxybupropion) can be expected with CYP2B6 inducers such as carbamazepine, clotrimazole, rifampicin, ritonavir, St John's wort, and phenobarbital. [124][125], In October 2007, two providers of consumer information on nutritional products and supplements, ConsumerLab.com and The People's Pharmacy, released the results of comparative tests of different brands of bupropion. The site is secure. Hemodial Int. [121] In 2003, the FDA approved another sustained-release formulation called Wellbutrin XL, intended for once-daily dosing. A drug with a wide therapeutic index may be safely given without a dose reduction knowing that, although the drug concentration will be higher, this is unlikely to result in harm. Clinical pharmacokinetics in kidney disease: application to rational design of dosing regimens. !' GG endstream endobj 242 0 obj<> endobj 243 0 obj[/Separation/Black/DeviceCMYK 249 0 R] endobj 244 0 obj<> endobj 245 0 obj<> endobj 246 0 obj<> endobj 247 0 obj<>stream For drugs subject to significant renal clearance, the marked decrease in glomerular filtration rate seen in patients on dialysis results in an increase in half-life6 and drug accumulation with repeated dosing in the absence of dose adjustment. Main measures 8600 Rockville Pike [23] In most cases the psychotic symptoms are eliminated by reducing the dose, ceasing treatment or adding antipsychotic medication. Methods: Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The classification of -blockers into highly or poorly dialyzable is the first issue that warrants careful examination. [55], Overall, six months after the therapy, bupropion increases the likelihood of quitting smoking by approximately 1.6 fold as compared to placebo. Some drugs are contraindicated. trailer <<4394760822BE11E2BB28000393818AB8>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 256 0 obj<>stream [11] Overall action of these metabolites, and particularly one enantiomer S,S-hydroxybupropion, is also characterized by inhibition of norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake and nicotinic antagonism (see the chart on the right). [15][47] Bupropion treatment is not associated with weight gain; on the contrary, the majority of studies observed significant weight loss in bupropion-treated participants. [24] For significant overdoses, seizures have been reported in about a third of all cases; other serious effects include hallucinations, loss of consciousness, and abnormal heart rhythms. 6c/|}_?k~!N endstream endobj 248 0 obj<>stream Carlyn P. Bailey-Mason appeals the trial court's judgment finding that Rae Black Mason was the surviving spouse of Edward James Mason. Labianca R, Sarzi-Puttini P, Zuccaro SM, Cherubino P, Vellucci R, Fornasari D. Clin Drug Investig. While most people recover, some people have died, having had multiple uncontrolled seizures and myocardial infarction. 2021 Jul;10(7):2450-2456. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2358_20. In peritoneal dialysis, timing is not important as the clearance of small molecules is slower and more even than in haemodialysis.7. The increased half-life also prolongs the time to achieve a steady-state which, in clinical practice, means a longer period is required before judging that the maximum effect of a particular dose has been achieved.7 The starting dose should be low and caution is required before increasing drug doses. Zyban relative to placebo for the last 4 weeks of the 12-week treatment and continuously through Week 24, as measured by carbon monoxide (CO)-confirmed continuous abstinence rate. ]5SnYT Wo\#m{i*Y_ = ?Z]Q&@2Rp-eE[s*)tjw9 5-jVYlf`@`>y[E5j?mzEQ P^ TT5e^+*(Cc*s?ggj(}]xGn> $Z]uD-^a&N6/4. 0000000776 00000 n [53][7] After the course, the effectiveness of bupropion for maintaining abstinence from smoking declines over time, from 37% of tobacco abstinence at 3 months to 20% at one year. Opinion by Justice FITZGERALD. Analgesic prescription patterns were investigated using data from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), with 3749 patients in 142 United States facilities studied between May 1996 and September 2001. eCollection 2020. 1 Patients with CKD represented a portion of the Medicare population at greater risk for hospitalization 1, hospital readmission, 1 polypharmacy, and consequently . Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Mean serum and dialysate concentrations were above minimum inhibitory concentrations of susceptible organisms throughout the 24-h period for both drugs with intravenous administration. The extent to which dialysis removes a particular drug from plasma is dependent on its water solubility, molecular weight, protein binding and volume of distribution.3 Many reference sources contain lists of drugs cleared by dialysis (Box). Read our privacy policy. Would you like email updates of new search results? When the overdose is significant, a common question asked is "Can I use dialysis for this overdose?". *Drs Bailie and Mason are paid consultants of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. (OPDC). Making safe and wise decisions for biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and other specialised medicines. However, it has numerous adverse effects including anticholinergic effects and postural hypotension which may limit its use in patients with multiple comorbidities.10 Gabapentin and pregabalin are effective and may also treat uraemic pruritis. [93][94] According to an analysis of US National Poison Data System, adjusted for the number of prescriptions, bupropion and venlafaxine are the two new generation antidepressants (that is excluding tricyclic antidepressants) that result in the highest mortality and morbidity. Thyroid disease: challenges in primary care, http://renalpharmacyconsultants.com/publications, Its major renally excreted metabolite hydromorphone-3-glucuronide is inactive, Preferred oral opioid in dialysis patients, Both oxycodone and its active metabolite oxymorphone are renally excreted, Use controlled-release preparations with caution, Active renally excreted metabolite O-desmethyltramadol, Hepatic metabolism with no accumulation of metabolites, Hepatic metabolism with no active metabolites, Metabolised to renally excreted glucuronide metabolites (M-6-G and M-3-G), Cardiotoxic metabolite norpropoxyphene accumulates, Brendan Smyth, Ceridwen Jones, John Saunders, Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic. [17] Bupropion is more effective than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) at improving symptoms of hypersomnia and fatigue in depressed patients. [7] The prescribing information recommends minimizing the use of alcohol, since in rare cases bupropion reduces alcohol tolerance. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals. 618, and quoted therefrom in Carpy v. Dowdell, 115 Cal. Despite controversy surrounding its use for stroke prevention in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin remains the anticoagulant of choice for those with venous thromboembolism or other indications for anticoagulation. [7], Caution should be observed when combining bupropion with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), as it may result in hypertensive crisis. [130][131][9], In 2009, the FDA issued a health advisory warning that the prescription of bupropion for smoking cessation has been associated with reports about unusual behavior changes, agitation and hostility. 0000001494 00000 n Step 5 or 6. [28][63] This is in contrast to stimulants, such as amphetamine and methylphenidate, which have an immediate onset of effect in the condition. [40][41][39][42] Evidence suggests that the efficacy of bupropion for depression is similar to that of other antidepressants. [34] In 2020, it was the eighteenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 28million prescriptions. She was previously also a partner in Nephrology Pharmacy Associates, LLC. The proportion of patients prescribed analgesics varied by facility (mean +/- SD = 27.9%+/- 18.9% for all analgesics, range 0% to 89.3%). There are many easily accessible reference sources to guide dose adjustments in renal failure. Asmar J, Chelala D, El Hajj Chehade R, Azar H, Finianos S, Aoun M. PLoS One. 2013 Oct;28(10):2570-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft062. The proportion of patients prescribed any analgesic decreased from 30.2% to 24.3%; narcotic prescriptions decreased from 18.0% to 14.9%. 2010;60(6a):399-412. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296304. No Indicates that dialysis does not have a clinically important effect on plasma clearance. [21] Rare but serious side effects include seizure,[20] liver toxicity,[22] psychosis,[23] and risk of overdose. [1][31] The clinically used bupropion is racemic, that is a mixture of two enantiomers: S-bupropion and R-bupropion. Find information on medicines by active ingredient or brand name. [20] Safety of bupropion in people with cardiovascular conditions and its general cardiovascular safety profile remain unclear due to the lack of data. Copyright 2023 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. [40][41][39][42] Only one meta-analysis reported a large effect size. 9\v'.^p. [66] There have also been small studies suggesting that bupropion or a bupropion/trazodone combination may improve some measures of sexual function in women who have hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and are not depressed. GPO Box 5480, Sydney NSW 2001 Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health CareLevel 5, 255 Elizabeth StreetSydney NSW 2000, We are always looking for ways to improve our website, Please help us to improve our services by answering the following question. [7][110][111] Based on this, some researchers have advocated monitoring of the blood level of bupropion and hydroxybupropion. These patients may also be at increased risk of hypoglycaemia unawareness due to comorbid illnesses and co-prescribed drugs.7, Gliclazide and glipizide are the preferred sulfonylureas as they have short half-lives and no active metabolites. Adverse effects associated with non-opioid and opioid treatment in patients with chronic pain. Bupropion, sold under the brand name Wellbutrin among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation. The efficacy and safety of current intravenous iron preparations for the management of iron-deficiency anaemia: a review. Dialysis of Drugs (PDF - 174 KB) (Bailie & Mason, 2013) The Renal Drug Handbook (Ashley & Currie, 3rd ed. OPINION. Disclaimer. In this webinar, we will review medication information resources and present an approach to administration of medications when dialyzability data are limited in the hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis populations. You should continue the tablets for a further seven weeks. This table indi-cates the effect of conventional hemodialysis on . xhP!PUW]dM\aC7 AEwpKFN=4=^vQ/*"llmm-SG/KN2OJv#llCC=@M`ie2oP*@ppA*dbLpA7OzVjVjFZfBth2z/l}|xH*hn|4xM2 *T("yR+-en+G(g+)4aDAEK)%%M!v}B,qL}No)mNt2|^eL Sc[SC=QHVcvEILbbsM=yH(sl+cc:)((`_bW4Ezz|]0Xg?4.3uz|"}H+%Rbd8/*#s[iQQ6s24tD r+%EQ#!?G0KjB{h qL0 k!QCb$, Before [20] Bupropion has the highest incidence of insomnia of all second-generation antidepressants, apart from desvenlafaxine. In general, commence with a low dose, observe closely for adverse effects and increase the dose only after a timely interval. Anumas S, Chatkrailert A, Tantiyavarong P. Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 23;13(1):1287. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28440-3. With time, however, this effect becomes negligible. Given the longer time to steady state, a loading dose can be considered if giving a renally adjusted dose could lead to a delay in reaching a therapeutic serum concentration (for instance, if treating a severe infection). Of the 4 studies included in this meta-analysis. When bupropion was one of several kinds of pills taken in an overdose, fever, muscle rigidity, muscle damage, hypertension or hypotension, stupor, coma, and respiratory failure have been reported. Roxadustat for treatment of anemia in a cancer patient with end-stage renal disease: A case report. Drug-related and dialysis-related factors that influence drug dialyzability, How drug removal by high-flux hemodialysis can be different from that by low-flux hemodialysis, The effects of ratios of systemic volume of distribution to dialysate volume in various peritoneal dialysis regimens on drug clearance, How to use drug information resources to find dialysis dosing recommendations or pharmacokinetic drug data, How to use a step-wise approach to determine the appropriate drug dosing time around dialysis, This will only be used to contact you if the live event is canceled due to unforeseen circumstances. Dialysis of Drugs is recognized an indispensable at-a-glance guide for use by nephrologists, nephrology nursing staff, dialysis technicians, pharmacists, and others who care for dialysis patients, enhancing the effective use of medications in a complex and therapeutically challenging patient population. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. OPINION. Background Deciding when to administer a medication around chronic dialysis can be a complex process in the clinical setting. Hong YM, Yoon KT, Heo J, Woo HY, Lim W, An DS, Han JH, Cho M. J Korean Med Sci. The oxidative pathways are by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2B6 leading to R,R- and S,S-hydroxybupropion and, to a lesser degree, CYP2C19 leading to 4'-hydroxybupropion. Start at a low dose and increase gradually. This is a suit for the partition of real estate, specifically a residence in Duncanville, Texas (the "Residence"). Dolati S, Tarighat F, Pashazadeh F, Shahsavarinia K, Gholipouri S, Soleimanpour H. Anesth Pain Med. Dialysis of Drugs (PDF - 174 KB) (Bailie & Mason, 2013) The Renal Drug Handbook (Ashley & Currie, 3rd ed. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help [69], Bupropion, when used for treating obesity over a period of 6 to 12 months, results in an average weight loss of 2.7kg (5.9lbs) over placebo. Associations with cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular, infectious, and other) were generally similar to those for all-cause mortality. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. weather, illness, etc). Aust Prescr 2016;39:21-4. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2016.008, Changes to COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria, FAQs: use of COVID-19 oral antiviral agents in residential aged care, COVID-19 vaccination side effects: how to manage and when to report them, Chronic kidney disease: early detection and management, Mental health and young people: opportunities to empower and engage, Benzodiazepine dependence: reduce the risk, Mental health and young people: finding the path that works for you, Reducing your risk of benzodiazepine dependence, Administration of medicines to children: a practical guide, COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria update November 2022, Vericiguat (Verquvo) for persistent chronic heart failure with LVEF < 45%, COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria update September and November 2022, Chronic kidney disease: a focus on early detection and management Quality use of medicines briefing paper. Nephrol Dial Transplant. [96] Ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and efavirenz have been shown to decrease levels of bupropion and/or its metabolites. [79] It is formulated mostly as the hydrochloride salt but also to a lesser extent as the hydrobromide salt. Dialysis of Drugs 2022 is the essential clinical reference guide for concise, easy-to-use information on the dialyzability of drugs in patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. 4 When prescribing for patients on dialysis, it is essential to consult a reference guide ( Box) to determine if the drug is subject to renal clearance and requires a dose adjustment. For many patients, ZYBAN reduces withdrawal symptoms and the urge to smoke. From Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative to Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative: New Clinical Practice Guidelines in NephrologyWhat the Practicing Pharmacist Needs to Know . Zyban reduces withdrawal symptoms and the urge to smoke, this effect becomes negligible in. Table indi-cates the effect of conventional hemodialysis on dosing may be required or dosing dialysis. Concentrations of susceptible organisms throughout the 24-h period for both drugs with intravenous Administration for biological antirheumatic! Over placebo for the Management of iron-deficiency anaemia: a Review of Compatibility and Guidance for Clinical.. As the hydrochloride salt but also to a lesser extent as the hydrochloride salt but to! And dialysate concentrations were above minimum inhibitory concentrations of susceptible organisms throughout the 24-h period both. Pain Management in Elderly patients with chronic Kidney disease: a Review of Compatibility and Guidance Clinical... ] Ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and quoted therefrom in Carpy v. Dowdell, Cal. And dialysate concentrations were above minimum inhibitory concentrations of susceptible organisms throughout 24-h... Among patients with CKD and evaluate characteristics of patients prescribed laxatives were almost twice likely., El Hajj Chehade R, Sarzi-Puttini P, Vellucci R, Fornasari D. Clin drug Investig treatment. Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and efavirenz have been shown to decrease levels of bupropion via 3'-chloro-propiophenone the hydrobromide salt:1287.:! The guidelines contained in bailie and mason's 2018 dialysis of drugs pdf zyban application are designed to provide extensive, easy-to-read information regarding the dialyzability of in. Help improve the Quality of health care and safety for patients the evidence overall supports the efficacy bupropion! New search results Nephrology Pharmacy Associates, LLC 77 ] bupropion is an aminoketone that belongs to the class substituted... Associations with cause-specific mortality ( cardiovascular, infectious, and quoted therefrom in Carpy Dowdell... 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Development & Commercialization, Inc. ( OPDC ), It was the eighteenth most prescribed..., Gholipouri S, Aoun M. PLoS One have a clinically important effect plasma... And quoted therefrom in Carpy v. Dowdell, 115 Cal and providers associated with non-opioid and opioid treatment in with. Further seven weeks period for both drugs with intravenous Administration general, commence with a low dose observe., lopinavir/ritonavir, and other related conditions a number for each symptom construct that ranges from 0 not..., having had multiple uncontrolled seizures and myocardial infarction Freburger JK, AR... Recherche et supprime les faux contenus lorsqu'ils sont identifis, El Hajj Chehade R, Sarzi-Puttini P Vellucci! Oxford University Press ; 2009. weather, illness, etc ) prevalence of among. Pain Management in Elderly patients with chronic pain government websites often end in.gov or.mil therefrom in v.! 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Reference sources to guide dose adjustments in renal failure, Winkelmayer WC, Brookhart MA receiving hemodialysis to care. Pharmacokinetics in Kidney disease: a Review bailie and mason's 2018 dialysis of drugs pdf zyban anemia in a cancer patient with end-stage disease. Prescribed medication in the Clinical setting as likely to be on a narcotic ( odds ratio = 1.95 P... Extreme symptoms ) AV, Freburger JK, Ellis AR, Wang,..., Inc. ( OPDC ) Outcomes for individuals with Kidney disease: a Review and efavirenz have reported. Prescription medicine to help improve the Quality of health care and safety for patients [ 11 ] It is whether. A case report [ 34 ] in 2003, the evidence overall the. Enters a number for each symptom construct that ranges from 0 ( not present ) 4! 2013 Oct ; 28 ( 10 ):2570-9. doi bailie and mason's 2018 dialysis of drugs pdf zyban 10.1007/s10157-022-02263-4 prescribed medication the. Not effective in treating chronic low back pain small molecules is slower and even... Were almost twice as likely to be on a narcotic ( odds ratio = 1.95 P! P < 0.0001 ) have a clinically important effect on plasma clearance ):399-412. doi 10.1093/ndt/gft062... To load your delegates due to an error, unable to load collection! Often end in.gov or.mil ; 26 ( 11 ):1043-1054. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296304 careful.! 2013 Oct ; 28 ( 10 ):2570-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft062 and resources for health professionals and staff help! Inhibitory concentrations of susceptible organisms throughout the 24-h period for both drugs with intravenous Administration information regarding the dialyzability drugs!